2年前の5月、木曽川にかかる鯉のぼりです。この地域では、川にこのようにたくさんの鯉のぼりをかけるのをよく見ます。川に鯉がいるのは、当たり前だから、自然な発想なのかもしれません。最近写真を撮っていないので、不本意ながら、昔の写真にしました。
「雇用契約は、どのような制限を受けるべきか」
これが最初の問いでした。すぐに思いつく答えは次のようなものです。
「雇用契約は、契約者の人権を損なうものであってはならない。なぜなら、そのときその契約は、＜互いの権利を尊重した上での自由な契約であった＞という正当性を失うからである。」
そこで次に、「契約者の人権はどのようなものであるのか」言い換えると、「我々は、契約者の人権や人格をどのようなものとして主張しうるのか」が問題になりました。
これもすぐに思いつく答えは次のようなものです。
「契約することが可能であるためには、＜ある種の合理性をもっている＞、＜ある種の合理性の発揮が保証されている＞、＜コミュニケーションが可能である＞などが前提条件となる。したがって、これらの前提条件の尊重が、契約の前提となる。これが、近代的な人格の権利の基本的な内容であった。これを保証することは、契約社会にとっての必要条件であった。」
仕切りなおしのために、もう少し前の問いに戻りましょう。
それは「労働力は商品か」ということでした。このといは、「会社は誰のものか」という問と関係していました。
もし労働力が、商品であるとすると、その商品の買い手は、雇用契約の相手である会社（の代表者）になるのだろうとおもます。したがって、労働力商品の売り手は、会社の持ち主ではないことになります。労働者は、会社の持ち主ではないのでしょうか。もし「労働者が会社の構成員である」と言えるとすると、それは「労働力は商品である」という発言と矛盾するのではないでしょうか。なぜなら、会社に商品を売るものは、会社の構成員ではないからです。
というわけで、「会社は誰のものか」を考えたいとおもいます。しかし、この問いの立て方は、うまくないかもしれません。「会社とはなにか」のほうがよいかもしれません。ただし、これだとピントがぼけてしまいそうです。
資本主義社会を跋扈している恐竜は、会社です。不思議な存在です。
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倫理4回の田中です。
合理性を持っているかどうかを判断するのは、だれになるのでしょうか? その判断のいかんによっては、「合理性を持たない」人が、本来労働することができるにもかかわらず、不当に労働市場から疎外され、主体的な権利をもつ人間ではなく、「保護」の対象とされるべきだということにされてしまうのではないでしょうか? そのことに、問題はないでしょうか?
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PASS:
そのとおりです。契約できるための必要条件、コミュニケーションできるためのひつ表情件として人権の尊重を論証しようとすると、契約できない人、コミュニケーションできない人の人権の尊重を論証できなくなります。そこで、別の仕方で人格の尊重を論証する必要があるだろうとおもいます。
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