これはコンサートホールの床です。模様が我々に錯覚を起こすのですが、心のありようもまた、
我々に錯覚を起こすのではないでしょうか。
シミュレーション説による「共同注意」の説明を批判して、代案を提出するには、９か月ころ成立する「共同注意」、１１か月ころ成立する「指差し」、そしてその後（？）登場する言葉の使用とその発達、４歳ころまでのこの発達過程についてよく知る必要があります。
（乳児が、自分で指差しを発見して、それを大人の振る舞いに転移して、大人な指差しを理解するとか、乳児が自分で言葉を発見して、それを大人の振る舞いに転移して、大人の言葉を理解する、などと考える人はいないでしょう。それならば、乳児が自分の意図に気づいて、それを他者に転移して、他者が意図をもつ理解する、という説明も同じようにおかしいのではないでしょうか。これは先走った予測です。仮にこの批判が正しいとしても、問題は、代案をどう考えるかです。）
この過程を最初から見て行くのではなくて、逆にすこしづつ遡ってゆきましょう。なぜなら、最初の心の状態を理解することは非常に難しいからです。ともすると、我々の先入見を転移することになるからです。そこで、まずことばの習得についてです。
トマセロは、ことばの理解を次のようにして説明しています。
「子供が、大人が何かに注意を向けさせる意図で音を発しているということを理解したとき、初めて子供にとってその音は言語になる。」（『心とことばの起源を探る』p. 136）
彼は、この理解のためには、次の３つが必要だといいます。
「他者も意図をもつ主体であるということを理解しなければならない。」(p. 136)
「共同注意場面への参加が必要である」(p. 136)
「共同注意場面の中で特定の意図的行為、つまり、伝達意図を表す伝達行為を理解しなければならない。」(p. 136)
トマセロは、自ら行った実験によって、これを説明します。
「チンパンジーと二歳から三歳の子供に、三つの容器のうち、どれにご褒美が入っているかを教えるのに、(a)正しい容器を指さす、（b）正しい容器のうえに小さな木片を印として置く、あるいは(c)正しい容器のレプリカを見せた。子供はすでに指さしを知っていたが、伝達用の符号として印やレプリカを使うことは知らなかった。それにも関わらず、子供はご褒美を見つけるために、そういう新しい符号を非常に効果的に使うことができた。」（p. 137）
サルは、おそらく相手が意図を持つ主体であるということを理解していないから、符合を理解することが出来なかったのだと、トマセロはいう。では、子供は、どうして符号の意味を理解できたのでしょうか。
それを考えて見ましょう。
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