合理性と同一性

 
 

 

                寒椿、穏やかな雨に、色を増す
 
 
合理性と同一性
 
　計画したり、計画を変更したりすることが可能なのは、計画が事前意図、行為内意図と変化したり、計画実現のための部分計画を立て、順番に、あるいは、同時に実行したり、必要に応じて計画を変更したりするときに、一つの人格が持続していることを前提する。逆に言うと、非常に複雑に関連している計画の設定、実行、変更において、一つの人格が持続しているといえるのは、計画の設定、実行、変更が、「合理的に」行われているからである。
　「合理的に」というのは、もし「合理的に」行われていなければ、仮に行動するものの身体の持続性があっても、人格の同一性があるとは言えないからである。人格の同一性があるためには、意識内容の単なる連続性だけではおそらく不十分である。意識内容の諸部分が少しずつ連続的に変化していく場合であっても、意識内容全体としては連続的に変化したといえる。しかし、その変化がもし無秩序なものであれば、そこに人格の同一性があるとは言えないだろう。
　その「合理性」は、計画の設定や分割や変更が問答によって行われているということである。それゆえにその変化に理由があり、もしその理由が問われるならば、当の行為者は即座にそれに答えることができる、ということである。
 
　このように考えるとき、＜計画する人格の同一性＞にとって重要なのは、問答によって構成される「合理性」であって、＜計画＞はあまり重要ではないと思われるかもしれない。なぜなら、＜計画＞は問答によって設定される事前意図にすぎず、それをいつでも変更でき、変更しても同一性が損なわれるわけではないのだからである。
 
　すべての事前意図は計画なのだろうか。それとも、計画は単なる事前意図とは異なるのだろうか。
 
 
　
 

投稿者:

irieyukio

問答の哲学研究、ドイツ観念論研究、を専門にしています。 2019年3月に大阪大学を定年退職し、現在は名誉教授です。 香川県丸亀市生まれ、奈良市在住。

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