小山楽山翁の石碑です。もちろん彼は詐欺師でも悪人でもありません。
写真がなかったので、正月にとった写真をのせました。
「大きな嘘に成長することになる最初の小さな嘘はどうして生まれたのだろうか。」
これが前回の宿題だったが、これは案外難しい問題なので、少し問題をかえて、絡め手で詰めることにしたい。
「人はどうして嘘をつくのだろうか。」これについては、次のようなパターンの分類が考えられるだろう。
①そもそも嘘をつくことが全く悪いことだとは思っていない。
②嘘をつくことは悪いことであるが、嘘をつくことで、自分の利益になる。
③嘘をつくことは悪いことであるが、嘘をつくことで、相手の利益になる。
④嘘をつくことは悪いことであるが、嘘をつくことで、第三者の利益になる。
⑤嘘をつくことは悪いことであるが、嘘をつくことで、悪い相手に不利益を与える。
⑥嘘をつくことは悪いことであるが、嘘をつくことで、悪い第三者に不利益を与える。
偽装事件の場合に、嘘をつくのは②のケースである。詐欺師の場合も②の場合である。
詐欺師の場合、その悪意はどのように始まるのだろうか。彼は、お金がほしくて、詐欺をする。しかも、彼は捕まらずに詐欺ができると考えている。彼は詐欺が悪いことだと考えているだろう。詐欺をはっきりと悪いことだと考えているが、しかしそれよりもお金がほしいという利己的な欲望が優先するのだろう。ただし、詐欺師の場合には、その悪意の背後には、「利己的な欲望」だけでなく「社会に対する悪意」があるかもしれない。その「社会に対する敵意」は、自分の行為を正当化するために、社会が悪いのだと考えることから、生まれるのかもしれない。たとえば、まともに生きようとしていたのに、詐欺をせざるを得なくなった、その責任を社会に負わせて社会を恨むことから、敵意が生まれるのかもしれない。
以上の例からとりあえず、「悪意」を次の3つに区別できる。
（ａ）欲望のために、悪いとわかっていてそれを行うという悪意「誰に対するのでもない悪意」
（ｂ）個人的な恨みとしての悪意「特定の個人や組織に対する悪意」
（ｃ）自分の悪い行為を正当化するために社会が悪いと考える「社会にたいする悪意」
上の嘘の②③④は、（ａ）に属する。⑤と⑥の一部は（ｂ）に属し、⑥の一部は（ｃ）に属する。
（ａ）や（ｂ）が含まれている悪は、事情がわかれば理解できるいわば「凡庸な悪」である。では、わけのわからない「特異な悪意」は（ｃ）だけからなるのだろうか。それてとも、（ａ）（ｂ）（ｃ）のどれでもないような悪意なのだろうか。
そのまえに、悪意と敵意をどう区別すべきかを考えてみよう。
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